Spondylolisthesis occurs when a spine bone slips forward over the one below it, causing back pain, stiffness, or tightness, depending on its location. If the slipped bone presses on nerves, it can lead to pain, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs.

This condition commonly affects the lower back or lumbar spine at two areas. At L4-L5, it causes lower back pain and leg symptoms. At L5-S1, pain may spread to the legs or buttocks. Less often, spondylolisthesis occurs in other spine regions. If at the skull base, it may cause headaches or pressure on the brainstem. In the cervical spine or neck, it can lead to neck pain or weakness in the shoulders or arms. Rarely, it affects the thoracic spine, causing chest or rib pain.

To diagnose spondylolisthesis, a provider performs a physical exam for pain, weakness, and flexibility. You may need to bend to check spine movement. Imaging tests can confirm the diagnosis. X-rays show if a bone has slipped or if the spine is unstable. If nerve compression is suspected, an MRI or CT scan might be needed.

Most cases improve without surgery. Physical therapy strengthens muscles around the spine. Medications like anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxers relieve pain and stiffness, while injections reduce nerve swelling. Surgery is considered only if symptoms don’t improve or if the slip is severe, to stabilize the spine and relieve nerve pressure.

If you have back pain from spondylolisthesis, various treatment options exist. Talk to our team for the best plan for you.