Shoulder replacement surgery is meant to relieve pain and restore movement, but up to 30% of patients continue to experience chronic pain after surgery.

One major cause is nerve irritation or damage. During surgery, small nerves around the shoulder may become stretched, compressed, or injured, leading to ongoing pain, numbness, or burning sensations. Scar tissue buildup can also trap nerves, making movement painful.

Another issue is implant-related problems. If the artificial joint doesn’t fit properly, becomes loose, or wears down over time, it can cause stiffness, swelling, and pain. Some patients may also have inflammation or sensitivity to the implant materials.

Muscle imbalances or joint stiffness can also contribute to pain, especially if the rotator cuff or surrounding muscles are weak or tight after surgery. Pre-existing conditions, such as arthritis in the neck or nerve compression, can continue to cause pain that may feel like it’s coming from the shoulder.

Certain factors increase the risk of chronic pain. Younger patients, women, and those with pre-existing nerve conditions or severe arthritis are more likely to experience persistent discomfort. Poor surgical outcomes, improper rehabilitation, or prior shoulder surgeries can also play a role.

If pain continues after surgery, options exist beyond medication. Nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and regenerative medicine can help manage symptoms. For more severe cases, spinal cord stimulation (SCS), or peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) may provide long-term relief. These treatments block pain signals before they reach the brain and are reversible and adjustable, making them safer alternatives to additional surgery.

Shoulder replacement can be life-changing, but it’s not a guaranteed fix for pain. If you’re considering surgery or struggling with pain after a shoulder replacement, exploring all treatment options and getting multiple opinions can help you find the best path to lasting relief.