Pain that travels from the lower back into the buttock and down the leg is often caused by irritation or pressure on the sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in the body. This condition is commonly referred to as sciatica. This can lead to sharp pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness, usually affecting one leg.

To diagnose sciatica, a provider will begin with a physical exam to check for pain, reflex changes, or weakness. One common test is the Straight Leg Raise, where lifting the leg while lying down may trigger shooting pain. If needed, imaging tests like an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan can help identify herniated discs, bone spurs, or nerve compression. In some cases, an EMG (electromyography) may be used to test nerve function.

Sciatica is often caused by herniated discs pressing on the nerve, bone spurs or overgrowths in the spine, or spinal narrowing, also known as stenosis. It most commonly affects the lower back, or lumbar spine, at two key locations. When it occurs at L4-L5, pain, numbness, or weakness can spread to the top of the foot or big toe. When it happens at L5-S1, pain often travels down the back of the leg to the heel or outer foot.

Most cases improve without surgery. Physical therapy and specific exercises can help relieve pressure on the nerve. Medications, such as anti-inflammatories, can reduce pain, and in more severe cases, injections may provide longer-lasting relief. Surgery is rare and is only considered if symptoms don’t improve or if the nerve is severely pinched.

If you’re experiencing sciatica, there are many ways to manage it. Talk to our team to find the best treatment plan for you.