Proper fasting before surgery is essential to reduce the risk of complications, such as aspiration during anesthesia. The American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA, provides evidence-based fasting guidelines to keep you safe. Here’s what you need to know.

When undergoing anesthesia, having food or liquids in your stomach increases the risk of aspiration—when stomach contents enter the lungs. This can cause serious complications like pneumonia or breathing difficulties. Following fasting guidelines helps reduce this risk.

The ASA recommends specific fasting times based on what you consume. You may drink clear liquids, such as water, black coffee, tea without milk, or apple juice, up to two hours before surgery. Breast milk for infants requires four hours of fasting. A light meal, like toast or fruit, requires six hours of fasting, while a heavier meal with fried, fatty, or protein-rich foods requires at least eight hours. Formula or non-human milk also requires six hours of fasting.

You may take your prescribed medications as directed unless your provider instructs otherwise. Some medications, especially blood thinners, may need to be stopped or adjusted before surgery.

Certain patients, such as those with diabetes or other medical conditions, may need customized fasting instructions. If you have special dietary needs or medical concerns, talk to your doctor to ensure safe fasting.

If you eat or drink outside the recommended time frames, your procedure may be delayed or rescheduled for your safety. Always follow fasting instructions to ensure the best possible outcome.

Before your procedure, stop eating solid foods based on the fasting timeline, drink only approved clear liquids up to two hours before surgery, take medications as directed, and follow any specific instructions from your provider.

By following these guidelines, you’re taking an important step in ensuring a safe and smooth procedure. If you have any questions, contact the healthcare team for clarification.