Peripheral nerve inflammation, or mononeuritis, happens when a single nerve outside the central nervous system becomes irritated or inflamed. This typically causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the area the nerve affects. Think of it like a malfunctioning power cable causing appliances to flicker.

Mononeuritis can have several causes: - Physical Injury: This may occur from hitting, pinching, or compressing a nerve, like when your arm goes numb after sleeping on it awkwardly. - Previous Surgery: Scarring from surgical procedures can trap and inflame the nerve, causing discomfort and pain. - Diseases and Infections: Conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or infections like Lyme disease can lead to nerve issues. - Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, being overweight, or repetitive stress can also contribute to this condition.

Doctors may perform physical exams and imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs to diagnose mononeuritis. An EMG (electromyography) and nerve conduction study (NCS) might assess nerve and muscle function. Low-volume injections with local anesthetics can temporarily numb specific areas to identify pain sources.

Treatment generally begins with medications to reduce inflammation and manage pain. Physical therapy can improve strength and flexibility. Ablation therapy using heat or cold can offer pain relief for up to six months by disrupting nerve signals.

Rarely, surgery might be necessary if the nerve is compressed and cannot be relieved by other treatments. If other methods fail, peripheral nerve stimulation—an implantable device delivering mild electrical pulses to targeted nerves—may be a long-term pain management solution.