Guillain-Barré Syndrome, or GBS, is a rare condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own nerves. This causes weakness and sometimes even paralysis. It often starts with tingling and weakness in the legs, which can spread to the upper body. The condition can progress quickly, and in severe cases, it may affect breathing and require immediate medical attention.

GBS often follows an infection. A common trigger is an infection with Campylobacter jejuni, a type of bacteria that causes stomach illness. Other infections, like the flu, can also lead to GBS. In rare cases, surgery or even vaccinations might be linked to its onset.

To diagnose GBS, doctors usually check your reflexes and may take a sample of spinal fluid using a needle. They might also perform tests to see how well your nerves are sending signals through the body.

Treatment typically involves two main options. One is intravenous immunoglobulin, or IVIG, where helpful proteins are delivered through a vein to fight the immune attack. The other is plasmapheresis, a process that removes and replaces harmful substances in the blood.

Most people with GBS recover over time, although some may have lasting weakness. Early hospital care is very important to manage symptoms and prevent serious complications.