Degenerative Disc Disease, or DDD, isn’t actually a disease—it’s a natural part of aging. The discs in your spine act as shock absorbers, allowing smooth movement. Over time, they can dry out, wear down, or develop small tears, which may lead to pain, stiffness, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.

Doctors diagnose DDD using imaging tests like X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to check for disc degeneration and nerve compression. It most often occurs in the lower back, known as the lumbar spine, and the neck, called the cervical spine. The mid-back, or thoracic spine, is less commonly affected because it has extra support from the rib cage. This condition is extremely common—by age 40, about 40% of adults show signs of disc degeneration, and by age 60, that number rises to 90%. However, not everyone with disc changes experiences pain.

DDD happens naturally, but certain factors can speed up the process. Injuries or trauma to the spine, repetitive stress from heavy lifting or physical strain, poor posture, a lack of movement, and smoking, which reduces blood flow to the discs, can all contribute. Genetics can also play a role, making some people more prone to disc wear than others.

Most cases improve without surgery. Physical therapy can help strengthen the spine and improve mobility. Medications like anti-inflammatories may reduce pain, and injections like epidurals can help calm nerve irritation. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining good posture, managing weight, and staying active can also make a big difference.

For persistent symptoms, minimally invasive treatments may be an option. In more severe cases, procedures like endoscopic discectomy, disc replacement, or spinal fusion alternatives may be recommended.

If you’re experiencing back or neck pain from DDD, there are many ways to manage it. Talk to our team to determine the best treatment plan for you.