Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is a treatment for knee pain and may help patients with osteoarthritis, as well as those with persistent pain after knee replacement. The particles used target only the small arteries involved in inflammation and are not intended to reduce overall blood supply to the knee.

This minimally invasive procedure reduces blood flow in abnormal knee arteries using tiny particles to decrease inflammation and pain. During the procedure the doctor uses imaging to guide these particles through a small catheter, typically placed through the foot.

Most patients tolerate this procedure with local anesthesia alone. If sedation or general anesthesia is used, fasting guidelines apply. This means nothing by mouth for about eight hours before your procedure. With clear liquids allowed up to two hours prior including black coffee. Blood thinners are typically not required to be held but confirm with your care team as this may vary case by case.

The procedure typically lasts about an hour. It is ideal for patients who have not found relief from conservative therapies including physical therapy or medications, and are not ready for knee replacement if not already performed.

Alternatives include physical therapy, medications, corticosteroid injections, viscosupplementation, radiofrequency ablation, platelet rich therapy, or knee replacement if not already performed. Other options include peripheral nerve stimulation, dorsal root ganglion stimulation or spinal cord stimulation for more complex end stage pain cases.

GAE is generally safe but may carry risks such as infection or bleeding.

After the procedure, you may feel knee soreness for up to 2 to 4 weeks which typically improves. Pain relief may take up to 6 weeks with a goal of about 50% improvement. Which is considered a successful outcome although there is no guarantee of success and some patients may not respond to this therapy.

Most patients return to normal activities the next day avoiding strenuous activity for at least a week or as advised by your care team.

If you have certain conditions such as severe arterial disease, this procedure may not be appropriate. Always consult with your care team to determine if this treatment is right for you.